What is a Colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is a vital screening tool used to examine the inner lining of the colon and rectum. This procedure helps detect abnormalities such as polyps, precancerous lesions, and signs of colorectal cancer. Colonoscopies are also used to investigate gastrointestinal symptoms like unexplained bleeding, chronic diarrhea, or changes in bowel habits.
Why It's Important:
Regular colonoscopies, especially for individuals over the age of 45 or those with a family history of colorectal cancer, can significantly reduce the risk of colon cancer by detecting and removing polyps before they become cancerous. The procedure also aids in diagnosing other gastrointestinal conditions, such as diverticulosis and inflammatory bowel disease.
How to Prepare:
- Dietary Restrictions: In the days leading up to the procedure, you will need to follow a low-fiber diet. The day before, you’ll be asked to consume only clear liquids, such as broth, tea, or clear juices.
- Bowel Preparation: A bowel cleansing solution will be prescribed. It’s important to follow the instructions carefully to ensure that your colon is clear for the procedure. Proper preparation improves the accuracy of the test.
- Medications: Inform your doctor of any medications you’re taking, particularly blood thinners, as you may need to stop taking them before the procedure.
What to Expect During the Procedure:
- The Procedure Itself: The colonoscopy is typically performed under sedation, ensuring you remain comfortable. A long, flexible tube (colonoscope) with a camera is gently inserted into the rectum and guided through the colon. The doctor will examine the lining of your colon and may take biopsies or remove polyps during the procedure.
- Duration: The procedure usually takes between 30 minutes to an hour.
Recovery
- You may feel bloated or experience mild cramping after the procedure, but this should subside within a few hours.
- It’s important to arrange for someone to drive you home as you’ll be groggy from the sedation.
- Your doctor will discuss the findings of the colonoscopy with you, and if polyps were removed, you may need follow-up care.